----------------------------- -----------------------------
Volume 10, Issue 4 (1-2024)                   J Prevent Med 2024, 10(4): 342-359 | Back to browse issues page

XML Persian Abstract Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Shekari N, Lotfipur Rafsanjani S S, Khodadadi H, Sayyadi A, Asadpour M. Developing and Assessing the Validity and Reliability of a Tool for Measuring Preventive Behaviors Against Blood-borne Diseases Based on the Health Belief Model in Iranian Female Hairdressers. J Prevent Med 2024; 10 (4) :342-359
URL: http://jpm.hums.ac.ir/article-1-732-en.html
Developing and Assessing the Validity and Reliability of a Tool for Measuring Preventive Behaviors Against Blood-borne Diseases Based on the Health Belief Model in Iranian Female Hairdressers
Nadia Shekari1 , Seyedeh Shirin Lotfipur Rafsanjani1 , Hassan Khodadadi2 , Ahmadreza Sayyadi3 , Mohammad Asadpour * 2
1- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
2- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
3- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Social Determinant of Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Keywords: Blood-borne diseases, Health belief model, Hairdressers, reliability, Validity
Full-Text [PDF 7496 kb]   (406 Downloads)     |   Abstract (HTML)  (150 Views)
Full-Text:   (100 Views)
Introduction
Beauty salons are one of the environments with frequent daily visits. It is important to pay attention to health issues in these centers. The diseases transmitted in beauty salons include hepatitis B and C, HIV, warts, and fungal and bacterial infections, some of which can cause death. Several studies have reported that the knowledge and attitude of hairdressers regarding preventive behaviors against blood-borne infections are at a moderate level. On the other hand, the health belief model (HBM) in the field of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV can help understand preventive behaviors better. Since there is no suitable instrument in the Persian language to measure the preventive behaviors of Iranian female hairdressers against blood-borne diseases based on the HBM, this study aims to develop and determine the validity and reliability of a tool for measuring preventive behaviors against blood-borne diseases based on the HBM in Iranian female hairdressers.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study with a psychometrics approach. Participants were female hairdressers in Rafsanjan, Iran, in 2019. After conducting library studies and reviewing the related articles (4, 10, 12-15), the initial draft of the HBM-based questionnaire was designed with 154 items measuring demographic characteristics including age, marital status, skill level, literacy, and business license (15 items), knowledge (47 items), attitude (15 items), perceived severity (18 items), perceived susceptibility (12 items), perceived benefits (5 items), perceived barriers (11 items), cues to action (4 items), and self-efficacy (5 items). The final version was designed with 18 items. To determine the content validity of the questionnaire, it was sent to 13 experts to comment on the relevance, clarity, and simplicity of the items. The content validity ratio and content validity index were also calculated. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach’s α coefficient.

Results
The mean age and work experience of the participants were 35.95±6.35 and 7.77±3.67 years, respectively. All of them were married, and most of them had a high school diploma (n=27, 67.5%). In assessing content validity, 16 items were removed from the knowledge domain, 9 from the attitude domain, one from perceived sensitivity, 3 from perceived severity, and one from perceived benefits. No items were removed from the domains of perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy; they were just modified. The final version had 18 items. The values of content validity were more than 0.79 and acceptable. The value of Cronbach’s α coefficient for the domains of knowledge (α=0.89), attitude (α=0.77), perceived sensitivity (α=0.86), perceived severity (α=0.94), perceived benefits (α=0.83), perceived barriers (α=0.77), self-efficacy (α=0.90), cues to action (α=0.82) and for overall scale (α=0.76) showed acceptable reliability.

Conclusion
The HBM-based questionnaire designed to measure preventive behaviors of Iranian female hairdressers against blood-borne diseases is a valid and reliable tool that can be used in descriptive or interventional studies to determine the factors affecting the preventive behaviors of female hairdressers against blood-borne diseases in Iran.

Ethical Considerations

Compliance with ethical guidelines
This article is a part of the student's thesis of the Faculty of Health and the research project of the research assistant of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (Project No.: 98022) (Code:IR.RUMS.REC.1398.051).

Funding
This article was financially supported by the Research Vice-Chancellor of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.

Authors' contributions
Study design: Hassan Khodadadi and Mohammad Asadpour; Data collection, questionnaire draft preparation, software, and writing the original manuscript: Nadia Shekari; Review and editing: Seyedeh Shirin Lotfipur Rafsanjani, Ahmadreza Sayyadi and Mohammad Asadpour.

Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgements
The research team expresses gratitude to the head of the hairdressers guilds of Rafsanjan City, female hairdressers (target group), the environmental health unit of the deputy health department, and the faculty members of the faculty of health Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.




References
  1. Javidi M, Kamalikhah T, Ghobakhloo Z, Abdolshahi A, Faghihnia Torshizi Y, Ghobakhloo S. [Evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and practice of hairdressers in women’s beauty salons in garmsar towards infection control and disinfection (Persian)]. Iran Occup Health. 2020; 17(1):219-32. [Link]
  2. Ahmadi Y, abdolkarimi M, sayadi A, Asadpour M. [Validity and reliability of students' healthy lifestyle measurement scale based on theory of planned behavior (Persian)]. J Jiroft Univ Med Sci. 2019; 6(1):157-67. [Link]
  3. Gholamrezaee Sarvelat Z, Sharifirad G, Babakhani MH, Zamanian H, Mohebi S. [Effect of educational intervention based on the health belief model on the improvement of the health performance of female hairdressers in Qom, Iran (Persian)]. Arch Hyg Sci. 2020; 9(2):109-20. [DOI:10.29252/ArchHygSci.9.2.109]
  4. Masoudy G, Khashei Varnamkhasti F, Ansarimogadam A, Sahnavazi M, Bazi M. [Predication of compliance to standard precautions among nurses in educational hospitals in Zahedan based on health belief model (Persian)]. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2016; 4(1):74-81. [DOI:10.18869/acadpub.ihepsaj.4.1.74]
  5. Asefa A, Midaksa G, Qanche Q, Wondimu W, Nigussie T, Bogale B, et al. Does the perception of HIV risk among female sex workers affect hiv prevention behavior? Application of the health belief model (HBM). BMC Public Health. 2022; 22(1):1646. [DOI:10.1186/s12889-022-14046-3] [PMID] [PMCID]
  6. Shekari N, Khodadadi H, Sayadi AR, Asadpour M. [Survey of knowledge and attitude of female hairdressers in Rafsanjan regarding the prevention of blood-borne diseases anditsrelationshipwithdemographiccharacteristics (Persian)]. J Zabol Med Sch. 2021; 4(2):75-82. [DOI:10.18502/jzms.v4i2.7072]
  7. Gholami M, Rajaee Z, Ghaneian MT, Homayonibezi N, Madreseh E. [Investigating awareness, attitude, and performance of barbers regarding infection control and disinfection application among women›s hairdressers in Abarkooh (Persian)]. J Tolooebehdasht. 2020; 19(3):87-101. [DOI:10.18502/tbj.v19i3.4175]
  8. Rimer BK, Viswanath K. Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice. Hoboken: Wiley; 2008. [Link]
  9. Khodisiave M, Mohamadkhani M, Amini R, Karami M. [Factors predicting the standard precautions for infection control among pre-hospital emergency staff of Hamadan based on the Health Belief Model (Persian)]. J Educ Community Health. 2017; 4(3):12-8. [DOI:10.21859/jech.4.3.12]
  10. Khani-Jeihouni A, Ranjbari S, Khiyali Z, Moradi Z, Motamedi MJ. [Evaluation of the factors associated with aids prevention performance among male barbers based on the health belief model in Fasa (Persian)]. J Educ Community Health. 2017; 3(4):59-65. [DOI:10.21859/jech.3.4.59]
  11. Taghizadeh Z, Ebadi A, Montazeri A, Shahvari Z, Tavousi M, Bagherzadeh R. [Psychometric properties of health related measures. Part 1: Translation, development, and content and face validity (Persian)]. Payesh. 2017; 16(3):343-57. [Link]
  12. Sadeghi M, Charkazi A, Zafarzadeh A, Borgheie P, Garezgar S, Davoudinia S. [Assessing the adequacy of knowledge, attitude and practice of of the female hairdressers working in the gorgan beauty salons towrads infectious diseases (Persian)]. Community Health J. 2017; 10(3):36-44. [Link]
  13. Sadeghi R, Mazloomy S S, Hashemi M, Rezaeian M. [The effects of an educational intervention based on the health belief model to enhance HIV-preventive behaviors among male barbers in Sirjan (Persian)]. J Rafsanjan University Med Sci. 2016; 15(3):235-46. [Link]
  14. Khairkhah T, Shamsa A, Roohi A, Khoshnoodi J, Rajabpour VF, Tabrizi M, et al. Analysis of knowledge, attitudes, and prevalence of hepatitis B and C seromarkers among barbers in Tehran. Hepat Mon. 2016; 16(9):e39416. [DOI:10.5812/hepatmon.39416] [PMID] [PMCID]
  15. Rahimi-ghilchalan M, Jalili Z, Farmanbar R. [Factors related to preventive behaviors of hepatitis B based on health belief model in high risk workers (Persian)]. J Guilan Univ Med Sci. 2017; 25(100):19-27. [Link]
  16. Lawshe CH. A quantitative approach to content validity. Pers Psychol. 1975; 28(4):563-75. [DOI:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x]
  17. Torkashvand F, Asadpor M, Rezaeian M. [Validity and reliability of methadone maintenance therapy abstinence orientation scale in Iran: A short report (Persian)]. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2015; 14(7):611-20. [Link]
  18. Cronbach LJ. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika. 1951; 16(3):297-334. [DOI:10.1007/BF02310555]
  19. Yarahmadi S, kazemi S, Rozbahani N, Zarei F. [Design and psychometrics of tools for measuring the consequences of virtual social networks on married life (Persian)]. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2022; 9(4):350-9. [DOI:10.52547/ijhehp.9.4.350]
  20. Babaei Heidarabadi A, Savari Mombeni F, Hatamzadeh N, sharhani A. [Designing theory of planned behavior questionnaire and evaluation of its validity-reliability in order to assess the preventive behavior of mobile phone usage in girl students (Persian)]. J Health Field. 2020; 8(1):13–21. [DOI:10.22037/jhf.v8i1.28420]
  21. Seyd Abadi Z, Mohammadi M, Mehri A, Akrami R. [Development and psychometric assessment of nutritional preventive treatment of osteoporosis in women based on protection motivation theory (Persian)]. J Ilam Univ Med Sci. 2017; 25(4):24-33. [DOI:10.29252/sjimu.25.4.24]
  22. Delshad MH, Hidarnia A, Niknam S. [Psychometric measure continuous variables preventive behaviors of hepatitis B virus infection in health care workers (Persian)]. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2014; 23(109):71-82. [Link]
  23. Panahi R, Javanmardi E, Ramezankhani A, Osmani F, Ahmadi A, Niknami S. [Psychometric properties of the scale on the related factors to smoking prevention among students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences based on health belief model (Persian)]. J Health Field. 2018; 6(2):11-9. [Link]
  24. peyman N, charoghchian khorasani E, moghzi M. [The impact of education on the basis of the theory of planned behavior on junk food consumption in high school in Chenaran (Persian)]. Razi J Med Sci. 2016; 23(149):62-72. [Link]
  25. Ghalavandi S, Zarei F, Heidarnia A, Tavousi M. [Translation and psychometric properties of the cervical cancer screening self-efficacy scale (Persian)]. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2022; 10(1):31-42. [DOI:10.52547/ijhehp.10.1.31]
  26. kazemi J, Saffari M, Raei M, Rashidi-Jahan H, Rahmati F. The design and psychometric properties of the tendency to use Covid-19 vaccine questionnaire based on the health belief model (Persian)]. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2022; 10(3):299-315. [DOI:10.52547/ijhehp.10.3.299]
  27. Vakili M, Moazen A, Sharifi S, Kamali K. [Development, psychometric and factor analysis of HIV/AIDS health belief model scale in adolescents and youth (second phase: A study based on theory, culture and population of Iran) (Persian)]. Iran J Epidemiol. 2018; 14(3):255-64. [Link]
  28. Che Mohamed N, Moey SF, Lim BC. Validity and reliability of health belief model questionnaire for promoting breast self-examination and screening mammogram for early cancer detection. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2019; 20(9):2865-73. [DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.9.2865] [PMID] [PMCID]
  29. Dewi TK. Validation of the indonesian version of champion's health belief model scale for breast self-examination. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2018; 11:433-8. [DOI:10.2147/PRBM.S177124] [PMID] [PMCID]
Type of Study: Orginal | Subject: Health Education
Received: 2023/08/30 | Accepted: 2024/01/28 | Published: 2024/01/1
Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.