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Showing 5 results for Waste

M.a Zazuli, A Alizade,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract

Introduction: Recycling after waste reduction is a second-priority strategy in waste management. One of the recyclable materials in the waste is paper. Health centers are one of the sources of waste paper. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of waste produced in remedial sanitary center of Babolsar city with an emphasis on paper recycling.

Methods: This was a descriptive analytical study in Babolsar city, which was conducted during 3 months in 12 health centers. Produced wastes of health care centers separated at the end of working hours and weighed with accuracy of ±0.1 gr.

Results: Results of the study showed that 9.875 tons of waste are produced annually, out of which, 1.47 tons is paper. Maximum and minimum generated waste paper in the health centers was related to Setad and Arabkhil health centers, respectively. Maximum per capita of waste production of Azizak and Setad centers were 34.80 and 10.7 grams per day, respectively and the minimum per capita for Bagher tangeh and Behnamir was 9.92 and 1.8 gr.

Conclusion: Regarding the role of waste in environmental pollution, recycling of health centers waste papers of Babolsar city can led to prevention of environment pollution and loss of national properties.


H Jamali , K Dindarloo ,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (10-2015)
Abstract

Introduction: Because of high water consumption, carpeting industries produce high levels of waste water which as a result of using different dyes in production processes their treatment feasibility is very low which is a threat for environment. This study conducted to evaluate the treatment feasibility of carpet industry wastewater using Fenton.

Method: This descriptive-analytical study conducted in a batch reactor. From carpeting industries 72 wastewater samples were taken. The effect of changing the level of variables such as pH, Hydrogen peroxide, and Iron sulfate on wastewater treatment feasibility was measured and by repeating the experiments the optimum level of each variable was determined with a confidence level of 95%. TOC was measured using ANATOC II TOC measurement instrument. All experiments were performed according to standard method. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel software.

Results: Results indicated that the best pH for removal of organic material in Fenton process is 3. COD removal efficiency revealed to be 95% when using 5.5 g/L FeSO4 and 385 g/L H2O2 in pH 3. H2O/Fe2+ ratio for maximum removal of COD was 95-10.

Conclusion: According to our results, carpeting wastewater organic materials can be efficiently removed using Fenton process. It was also revealed that factors such as pH, the amount of reagents, and H2O/Fe2+ ratio affect the Fenton oxidation process.


Nahid Moradi, Tahereh Zarei, Saham Shamsi, Fahime Bahreyni,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (9-2018)
Abstract

Introduction: The water which is prepared for specific uses and has lost its quality is called wastewater. Wastewater of hospitals and health centers contains different pathogens that reveals the necessity of attention to this pollution sources. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from hospital wastewater treatment plant.
Methods: In this descriptive study (in 2015), the samples of wastewater were collected from the hospital aeration ponds in different seasons. Samples were transferred to the laboratory under standard conditions. The bacteria count were performed by multiple tube test and were reported according to MPN (Most Probable Number) method. Microbial identification tests were performed according to conventional methods. The investigation of antibiotic resistance was performed using Kirby– Bauer standard technique according to method of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute 2014 (CLSI). Data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: In this study, a total of 20 samples were collected in different seasons. Despite more cases of isolated coliforms, the count of enterococci was higher than that of the coliforms.The highest resistance to ceftazidim (100%) and trimethoprim (85%) was observed in Enterococcus and Coliforms, respectively.
The highestsusceptibility to meropenem, imipenem, gentamycin, and ceftazidim (100%) was observed in Pseudomonas. Also, in the spring and autumn, the antibiotic resistance was higher than in the other seasons.
Conclusion: It is necessary to pay attention to the sources of contamination in order to prevent increasing the burden of contamination of highly resistant bacteria. In addition, it is necessary to conduct a national survey to determine phenotypic and genotypic resistance patterns of bacteria in Iran.
Key Words: Antibiotic Resistance, Coliform, Enterococcus, Waste Water.
Kavoos Dindarloo, Hamzeh Ali Jamali,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract

Introduction: Biological treatment of wastewater containing high dissolved solids, because of the high concentration of salt, is not possible. A method for treating this type of wastewater is electro-oxidation process. The aim of this study was application of response surface methodology to optimize the saline wastewater treatment using electro-oxidation process.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted in a pilot scale. The samples were prepared synthetically at the required level of saline wastewater.The independent variables were reaction time, pH, electrolyte concentration, and cell voltage. The process performance was evaluated based on COD and TOC removal efficiencies. The determination of the number of experiments, statistical analysis and modeling of laboratory data, and optimization of COD and TOC removal were performed using the central composite design and surface response method.
Results: The results showed that the removal efficiencies of COD and TOC at the optimum conditions of pH=8, reaction time= 34 min, salt concentration= 23.5 gr/l, and voltage= 7 V were 88.48% and 69% respectively. In these conditions, the desirability of the model was 1.
Conclusion: Electro-oxidation was an effective process for COD and TOC removal, but not enough to produce effluents which meet the environmental standards. Therefore, this process is proposed for pretreatment of saline waste water. In addition, central composite design and response surface methodology were appropriate to optimize the variables affecting COD and TOC removal process using electro-oxidation.
 
Masoud Neghab, Alemeh Ebrahimi, Fariba Asadi Noghbi, Fayegheh Zareei, Fatemeh Amiri,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract

Objective Waste anesthetic gases (WAGs) are known as one the most important air pollutants in operating rooms. This study was to evaluate occupational exposure to WAGs in the operating room of a hospital in Shiraz, Iran, by measuring the urine concentration of nitrous oxide, isoflurane, and sevoflurane. 
Methods This is a descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design that was conducted on 60 people divided into two groups of 30 including exposed group (operating and recovery rooms staff) and non-exposed or control group (administrative staff). Urine samples were collected at the end of the morning shift (after at least three hours of exposure). Urine samples were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method (Agilent 5977B device, paired with a headspace autosampler.  Data analysis was conducted in SPSS software, version 21. 
Results Urinary concentrations of nitrous oxide, isoflurane, and sevoflurane were found to be 175.8±77.52 μg/L (ranged 7.98-319.91), 4.95±3.43 μg/L (ranged 0.78-14.9) and 15.0 3±16.06 μg/L (ranged 0.76-46.40).
Conclusion The operating room personnel of the selected hospital are exposed to high concentration of WAGs (nitrous oxide, isoflurane and sevoflurane).


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