fa بررسی ارتباط توان کاری و بار کاری ذهنی با اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی در مشاغل صنعتی تخصصي Special پژوهشي Orginal <p dir="RTL" style="margin-right:3.0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed;"><strong><em><span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;">مقدمه</span></span></em></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;">:</span></span></strong> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بارکاری ذهنی، یک</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مفهوم</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کلی</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ادبیات</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ارگونومی</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بوده</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">می‌تواند</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">صورت</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">هزینه‌های</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تحمیلی</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اپراتور جهت دستیابی</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">یک</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">سطح</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">معین</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">عملکرد</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تعریف</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">شود</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> از</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">طرفی</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">خروج</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">زودرس</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کارگران</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">محیط</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کار</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نیز</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بر</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مشکلات</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">صنایع</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">امروز</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">افزوده</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">است؛ ارتقاء</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">توانایی</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کا</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ر</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">یکی</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">موثرترین</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">روش‌هایی</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">است</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ناتوانی</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ناشی</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">از کارجلوگیری</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">می‌کند. هدف ازمطالعه حاضر، تعیین ارتباط توان کاری و بارکاری ذهنی با اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی در کارکنان شاغل در یک صنعت فولاد می‌باشد.</span></span></span></p> <p dir="RTL" style="margin-right:3.0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;">روش‌کار</span></span></strong>: <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ا</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ین مطالعه </span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به روش </span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">توصیفی-تحلیلی به صورت مقطعی در</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">میان</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">300</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نفر</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کارکنان</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">شاغل</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در یک صنعت فولاد که</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در گروه‌های</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">شغلی</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مختلف</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مشغول</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کار</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بودند،</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">انجام</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">گرفت. .به منظور جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">NASA-TLX</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">،</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">پرسشنامه</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> شاخص توانایی انجام کار </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;(WAI)</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و پرسشنامه نوردیک (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Nordic</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">)</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">SPSS 20</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> و آزمون‌های آماری </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">t</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> مستقل و من-ویتنی انجام گرفت.</span></span></span></p> <p dir="RTL" style="margin-right:3.0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed;"><strong><span style="font-family:b yagut;">نتایج</span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">:</span></span></span></strong> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">آزمون </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">t</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> مستقل نشان داد که بین میزان اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی و توان کاری افراد رابطه معنی‌دار وجود دارد (001/0></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Pvalue</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">). همچنین آزمون من-ویتنی نشان داد که بین میزان اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی به ترتیب با بارکاری کل (024/0=</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Pvalue</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">)، ابعاد بارکاری میزان تلاش (022/0=</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Pvalue</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">)، نیاز زمانی (005/0=</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Pvalue</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">)، نامیدی (004/0=</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Pvalue</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">)، نیاز ذهنی و نیاز فیزیکی (001/0></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Pvalue</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">) رابطه معنی‌داری وجود داشت ولی بین بعد عملکرد با شیوع اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی رابطه مستقیم وجود نداشت (087/0=</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Pvalue</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">).</span></span></span></p> <p dir="RTL" style="margin-right:3.0cm;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed;"><strong><span style="font-family:b yagut;">نتیجه‌گیری</span></strong><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">:</span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بارکاری ذهنی کارکنان بالا بود و توان کاری آنها در رنج متوسط قرار داشت<strong>.</strong> با توجه به وجود ارتباط بین بارکاری و توان کاری با اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی، </span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ایجاد</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">شرایط مناسب</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">شغلی، ارائه</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">برنامه‌های</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">آموزشی</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بیشتر</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">برای کارکنان</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و تقویت</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">توان</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;"><span style="font-family:b yagut;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کاری آنها، می‌تواند به پیشگیری از ابتلا به اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی کمک شایانی کند.</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Introduction:</strong> Subjective workload is a general concept in ergonomics literature, defined as the costs to the operator's health to achieve a certain level of performance. On the other hand early withdrawal of workers from work has increased the problems of today's industries. In this regard Promotion of workers ability is one of the most effective ways to prevent the disability. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between work ability and mental work load with musculoskeletal disorders among workers in a steel industry.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods:</strong> This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 workers from various occupational groups in a steel industry. The Persian version of NASA-TLX questionnaire, work ability index questionnaire, and Nordic Questionnaire were used for data collection. Collected Data were analyzed using to SPSS ver. 20 Software .Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney were used.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results:</strong> Independent t-test showed a significant relationship between the musculoskeletal disorders and work ability of workers (P<.001). Also Mann-Whitney test showed a significant relationship between the musculoskeletal disorders and total workload, dimensions of effort, temporal demand, frustration, mental demand and physical demand (P<0.001, P=0.004, P=0.005, P=0.022, P=0.024, respectively). Significant relationship was observed between the workers musculoskeletal disorders and performance dimension (P=0.087).</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Mental workload of workers was high and their work ability was at an intermediate level. Based on the relationship between workload and work ability with musculoskeletal disorders, creating perfect job conditions, Providing training programs for employees and increasing workers ability can contribute to prevention of musculoskeletal disorders.</p> توان کاری, بار کاری ذهنی, اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی, مشاغل صنعتی Work ability, Mental workload, Musculoskeletal disorders, Industrial jobs 29 38 http://jpm.hums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-22&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mahdi Mohammadzadeh مهدی محمدزاده 10031947532846001874 10031947532846001874 No Ehsanolah Habibi احسان الله حبیبی habibi@hlth.mui.ac.ir 10031947532846001875 10031947532846001875 Yes Akbar Hassanzadeh اکبر حسن‌زاده 10031947532846001876 10031947532846001876 No