1 2476-7182 Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences 84 Special Comparison of effective dose of Radon 222 in old and new Dwellings in Minab City Mahvi A Madani A Fakhri Y 1 10 2015 2 3 1 9 03 08 2015 30 09 2015 Introduction: Radon 222   is a radioactive, colorless and odorless element with a half -life of 3.83 days. Long term exposure to Radon 222 can cause lung cancer in humans. Building materials such as granite stone is one of the main sources of radon 222. The aim of this study was comparison of effective dose of Radon 222 in old and new Dwellings Minab City, Iran Methods: Indoor and outdoor concentration of radon 222 was measured in 17 new (Al-Mahdi) and 17 old Dwellings (Pari-Taghi) in two seasons, winter 2013 and spring 2013, by a portable Radon meter (model RTM1688-2) and the effective dose was calculated by UNSCEAR equation. Then the effective doses of radon 222 in new and old Dwellings were statistically compared and analyzed. Results:The mean concentrations of radon 222  in indoor air of Pari-Taghi (25 ± 3 Bq/m3) and Al-Mahdi (42 ± 6 Bq/m3) Dwellings were less than the standards of WHO and EPA. The effective doses of radon 222 in Al-mahdi and Pari-Taghi were 1.06 ± 0.15 and 0.64 ± 0.07 mSv/y, respectively. Conclusion: Due to greater use of granite in the new Dwellings, the concentration of Radon 222 and consequently its effective dose in new Dwellings is more in comparison to old Dwellings.
85 Special Treatment feasibility of carpet industry wastewater using Fenton Jamali H Dindarloo K 1 10 2015 2 3 10 20 18 08 2015 14 10 2015 Introduction: Because of high water consumption, carpeting industries produce high levels of waste water which as a result of using different dyes in production processes their treatment feasibility is very low which is a threat for environment. This study conducted to evaluate the treatment feasibility of carpet industry wastewater using Fenton. Method: This descriptive-analytical study conducted in a batch reactor. From carpeting industries 72 wastewater samples were taken. The effect of changing the level of variables such as pH, Hydrogen peroxide, and Iron sulfate on wastewater treatment feasibility was measured and by repeating the experiments the optimum level of each variable was determined with a confidence level of 95%. TOC was measured using ANATOC II TOC measurement instrument. All experiments were performed according to standard method. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel software. Results: Results indicated that the best pH for removal of organic material in Fenton process is 3. COD removal efficiency revealed to be 95% when using 5.5 g/L FeSO4 and 385 g/L H2O2 in pH 3. H2O/Fe2+ ratio for maximum removal of COD was 95-10. Conclusion: According to our results, carpeting wastewater organic materials can be efficiently removed using Fenton process. It was also revealed that factors such as pH, the amount of reagents, and H2O/Fe2+ ratio affect the Fenton oxidation process. 86 Special Activity related energy consumption and associated factors in physical Activity of Kashan city elderly Khalili Z Sadrollahi A 1 10 2015 2 3 21 30 02 09 2015 21 10 2015 Introduction: Difference in factors affecting elderly energy consumption leads to difference in their energy consumption. This study aims to investigate Activity related energy consumption and associated factors in physical Activity of Kashan city elderly. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 2014. The study populations were elderly above 60 years old covered by health care center in Kashan, Iran. The subjects selected by multi stage-cluster sampling method. The sample size was 400-subject according to Cochran formula and previous studies. The Cluster sizes were different according to gender and living area. The demographic characteristics, body mass index, and energy consumption for physical activity were recorded in the questionnaires. Data analyzed by SPSS version 16. Descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, spearman correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U test and ordinal regression used in data analysis. The significance level for all the tests was 0.95. Results: The females in this study were 237 subjects (59.2 %). The average age and activity energy consumption of studied population were 67.6±6.8 years 326.21±364.84 MET, respectively. According to the results 85% of elderly were in lack and low level of activity energy consumption. Elderly men had more activity energy consumption than elderly women (P<0.05). Our results indicated signification relationship between energy gender (p=0.01), marital status (p=0.003), living place (p=0.011), education (0.025), and dependency for movement (p=0.00) and activity energy consumption in the studied population. In addition Effective predictors of activity energy consumption in the studied population were gender (CI=0.720, 2.469, p=0.00), current job (CI=0.157, 1.669, P=0.018), living place (CI=0.444,-1.891, P=0.002), and dependency for movement (CI=1.084,-2.343, P=0.00). Conclusion: as most of the studied elderly were at low level of activity energy consumption, it can be concluded that current educational programs are insufficient or ineffective. Changing the current trends and paying attention to the factors associated with elderly activity can enhance the situation. 87 Special Comparison of electric field specific absorption rate of head in Nokia and Samsung smart mobile phone users Ghafari H Fakhri Y Hassanzadeh V 1 10 2015 2 3 31 39 16 09 2015 28 10 2015 Introduction: The use of smart phones is increasing in the world. This excessive use, especially in the last two decades, has created too much concern on the effects of emitted electromagnetic fields on human health. This study aims to compare electric field specific absorption rate of head in Nokia and Samsung smart mobile phone users  Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study the electric fields resulting from Samsung and Nokia smart phones were measured by a portable electromagnetic meter Model HI-3603-VDT/VLF. Then, head absorption rate was calculated by ICNIRP equation. Finally, specific absorption rate for Samsung and Nokia smart phones was compared by T-Test. Results: The mean of electric field for Samsung and Nokia smart mobile phones was 1.8 ±0.19 v/m  and 2.23±0.39 v/m and  the range of the electric field was 1.56-2.21 v/m  and 1.69-2.89 v/m, respectively. The mean of specific absorption rate in Samsung and Nokia mobile phones was 0.002 ± 0.0005 W/Kg and 0.0041±0.0013 W/Kg at the frequency of 900 MHz and 0.004±0.001 W/Kg and 0.0062±0.0002  W/Kg at the frequency of 1800 MHz, respectively. The ratio of mean electronic field to provide guidance in the Samsung mobile phone at the frequency of 900 MHz and 1800 MHz was 4.36% and 3.34%, respectively, while it was 5.62% and 4.31% in the Nokia mobile phone. The ratio of mean head specific absorption rate to provide guidance at the frequency of 900 was 0.15% and 0.25% and at the frequency of 1800 MHz was 0.23 %and 0.38% for respectively Samsung and Nokia mobile phones. Conclusion: The rate of electric field specific absorption of Nokia smart mobile phones at the frequencies of 900 and 1800 is significantly higher than Samsung. Therefore, it can be concluded that Nokia smart mobile phone users are exposed to higher related health risks in comparison to Samsung smart mobile phone users. 88 Special Prevalence of psychological disorders and its social determinants among high school students in Bashagard, Iran, 2014 Mousavi Bazaz S. M. Madani A. Mousavi Bazaz S. M. Zaree F. Abbasi khaddar E. 1 10 2015 2 3 40 46 14 10 2015 10 11 2015 Introduction: Psychiatric disorders are prevalent and debilitating to all individuals, including children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and their socio-demographic factors among high school students in the Bashagard district, Iran, in 2014. Methods: A descriptive-analytical design (cross-sectional study) was conducted to investigate 313 high school students who were selected through a multi-stage cluster, stratified and simple sampling method. Data collection was performed suing the SCL-90 and the data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics such as frequency, percentage, chi-square and t-test.  Results: A total of 313 students with mean age of 16.33±1.26 years were assessed. The finding showed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the total sample was 51.11, and in girl 85.24, and in boy 17.1%, respectively. The most common disorder, paranoid disorder and the lowest incidence was phobic anxiety among high school students. Most psychological disorders was significantly related to gender except in the phobic disorders and psychosis. Educational level of students had significant relationships with interpersonal sensitivity, depression and paranoid disorders. Geographical status of students had significant relationships with prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder, aggression, and psychosis. None of the psychiatric disorders was not significant with factors such as father’s occupation, mother's occupation, father's education, mother's education, family size and family economic status. (0.05 <p)< p=""> </p)<> Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that the prevalence of psychological disorders in the Bashagard compared to other research conducted within and outside the country are moderate. However, the need for policies to reduce the burden of mental health in adolescence stage in the future, and providing ways out of this problem remains 89 Special Job stress and its relationship with Job satisfaction in workers of a refinery control room in the south of Iran Zare F. Khademian M. Bahjati Ardakani M. Zare M. Parvizi R. Bagharaat A. 1 10 2015 2 3 47 55 03 11 2015 21 11 2015 Introduction: Job stress can result from people’s perceptions of an imbalance between job demands and their abilities to cope those demands. Stress can affect individuals and lead to job dissatisfaction.  This study was conducted to assess job stress and the relationship between job satisfaction and different dimensions of job stress among refinery control room workers in a refinery located in the south of Iran.  Method: In this descriptive-analytical research all 100 workers of an oil refinery control rooms were studied. Job stress and job satisfaction was measured using standard questionnaires provided by national institute of mental health (NIMH) and Robbins respectively. After collecting, data were analyzed using SPSS ver.16 software. In this regard Pearson correlation test was used to determine the probable relationship between different dimensions of stress and job satisfaction. Results: In this study 62.08 percent of workers were categorized as having high level of stress. In job satisfaction case, 9.2, 27.6, 28.7, 16.1 and 18.4 of workers were classified as totally dissatisfied, dissatisfied, not satisfied nor dissatisfied, satisfied, and totally satisfied respectively. Pearson correlation test revealed a negative significant correlation between job satisfaction and all studied dimensions of job stress (p= 0.01). Conclusion: As job satisfaction is related to different dimensions of job stress, job satisfaction of control room workers can be increased through improvement of different dimensions of job stress including interpersonal relationships, physical conditions of work and job interest. 90 Special Study of malaria infection trend and the role of preventive interventions on malaria incidence in Sarbaz city, Sistan and Baluchestan province Sufi K. Khanjani N. Kamyabi F. 1 10 2015 2 3 66 56 10 11 2015 23 11 2015 Introduction: Regarding the importance of malaria control and elimination in Iran, this study investigated the malaria infection trend and assessed the role of preventive interventions on malaria incidence aiming to propose effective plans for malaria control and elimination in Sarbaz city, Sistan and Baluchestan province. Method: To conduct this study, all existed data from years 2005 to 2014 were collected from health centers of Sarbaz city and analyzed using SPSS ver. 18 software. To compare data Spearman, Wilcoxon, and paired t-tests were used. Results: Malaria cases have decreased from 3865 cases and an incidence rate of 28.4 per 1000 population in 2005 to 313 cases and an incidence rate of in  1.9 per 1000 population in 2014. Implementation of tap water and electricity has led to a significant decrease in malaria cases in the studied villages.  In addition, malaria cases have increased significantly after Gono storm in Sarbaz city. Conclusion:   malaria cases have decreased during the last decay in the southeast of Iran and to eliminate malaria from this region control of boundaries, inter and intra-sectional cooperation, and awareness of healthcare system for exposing probable epidemics seems necessary. 91 Special Breakfast and snack patterns of primary school girls in Omidieh, Khuzestan Province, Iran Karami K. Ghaleh S. 1 10 2015 2 3 67 72 14 11 2015 23 11 2015 Introduction: Appropriate consumption of main nutritional groups in childhood and special in elementary school ages is one of the main priorities in all countries. The main meal is considered to be breakfast. A healthy breakfast increases the energy and mental performance. This study conducted to evaluate Breakfast and snack patterns of primary school girls in Omidieh, Khuzestan Province, Iran. Method:  This cross- sectional study conducted on 155 primary school girls  which sampled from three randomly selected schools in Omidieh city. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS software. Results:  The results showed a satisfactory breakfast consumption pattern in the studied population as 80% of cases reported that they regularly eat breakfast, during 14 days of study. Results showed that 22% of students consume Junk foods including puffs, chips and candy while 13% of them consumed traditional snacks including dried fruits and nuts.  Conclusions: Eating breakfast as a main meal was at a satisfactory level in the studied population. Replacing the junk foods like puffs, chips and candy with healthier ones including nuts and dried fruits should be considered by responsible parties. It is therefore necessary to conduct educational programs regarding nutrition of school children using public media, especially television.